Arriving at Guanajuato’s Templo de la Compañía is always a strange experience. It’s a church connected to the former Jesuit seminary, which is now the University of Guanajuato. It sits on one corner of an intersection diagonally across from the main Post Office and faces the Casa del Agua hotel.

I stopped in front of the church’s main entrance and made note of the serape-covered very dark-skinned indigenous woman who has been sitting there for as long as I’ve been living in Guanajuato. She is dressed exactly the same, is covered with the same blanket, and is in the exact same squatting pose with always the same gnarled hand cupped for a handout. I’ve wondered throughout the years whether she’s actually a ceramic sculpture with a coin slot in her raised hand as a moneymaker for the church. This time I checked – no slot. I find this strange beyond words but then strangeness is what describes so much of the Mexican experience.

I walked into the church in a heightened state of curiosity. The last time I was in this church, spring of 2006, I was reviewing it for a book project. At that time, the small gallery behind the main altar was being remodeled and was not open to the public. Now, in October of 2008, the gallery was open again and I was eager to take a look.

An issue I reported on in 2006 in my book was the surprising and shocking discovery that pigeons, and not just a few, lived in the church. On this current visit, I wanted to see if the pigeons were still in residence in this historically significant Colonial Mexican church.

In 1737, the “Religious Process,” no doubt a mystical procedure, was completed to establish the congregation. The construction of the church began in 1747 due to the generous donations of the mind-bogglingly rich Señora Maria Josefa Teresa de Busto y Moya and her son, José Joaquin de Sardaneta y Legaspi. There is a portrait of the son in the church’s gallery. He bears an uncanny and frightening resemblance to Truman Capote.

The church’s construction was initiated under the supervision of architect Fray (friar) José de la Cruz. Later, the construction was put into the hands of the renowned architect Felipe de Ureña.

I have to say that I love this church. The sheer spaciousness of the main sanctuary is most appealing. The church is 53.5 meters long by 28.5 meters wide. Some regard the church as one of the best representations of the “evolution” of the Churrigueresque style in Mexico.

The façade of the church has been undergoing restoration for the last few years. The work, as is typical in Mexico, goes on and on and on with no end in sight.

The church’s interior has three huge naves and eight columns. Four of the columns are made of very fine green quarry stone. Each nave has small, colored windows. Unfortunately, some of the panes are broken and the church has not had the money to replace them. As you probably have guessed, it is through these broken panes that the pigeons come and go.

I can recall with frightening clarity my first visit to this church. I saw many fine paintings and religious icons, some of which are museum-quality. Many were splotched with pigeon ca-ca. I remember hearing the peeping of baby pigeons from their nests perched high in the rafters. The parents were coming and going through wind-blown holes in the nave’s multicolored windows.

Well, in 2008, the pigeon problem has not improved. There are still lots of pigeons swooping over the parishioners’ heads and perching on the ledges high above.

The common pigeons you see in parks all over the world are actually called Rock Doves. They are amazingly adaptive birds that can live almost anywhere and it is these that have infested the church. They love to perch as high as they can on rocks, on building ledges, in trees, and on fountains. If they see a hole in a wall, a broken church window, or an open door, they are likely to go in.

The Rock Dove, or pigeon (the words are synonymous), is not indigenous to North America, Central America, or South America. Many people are surprised to learn that the multicolored, clown-like, park-infesting pigeon is from western and southern Europe. They can range into Africa and southern Asia.

These clever little birds show their intelligence by the extent to which they can survive. And, surviving they were. While I sat in the church and contemplated the architecture, I saw a pair of pigeons having sex on top of Jesus’ head on the main altar’s crucifix. Afterwards, they made pigeon poo-poo all over the crucifix.

By the way, in case you are wondering how the Rock Dove got to the New World, it was the fault of the French. In 1609, the French thought it would be cool to create a plague of pigeons that would infest every city in the New World. They not only infest the parks, they have taken up residence in a few hundred Spanish colonial churches all over Mexico. Now, I don’t know if that was their actual motive, but it is what has happened. All the pigeons, or Rock Doves, you see in a park (or church) near you come from the original stock the French imported into Nova Scotia in 1609.

I was curious about what the parishioners thought about the pigeon problem and how they protected themselves from being bombed by pigeon poop during Mass. Do they use umbrellas? Does the priest look out on a sea of rain slicker-clad church parishioners? Do they put a tarp above the pews? I just had to find out, so I went around and asked everyone I saw.

The first person I talked to was a very nice woman whose job it was to clean the pigeon doodies from the church. Taking the opportunity to rest a bit from her toil, she gave me the immediate impression that she was immensely satisfied that someone recognized the impossible task of keeping on top of the pigeon mess. She wasn’t sure why no one had come up with the idea of replacing the broken windowpanes or at least covering the openings with wire mesh to keep the pigeons out. She said (and this was confirmed by the second person I interviewed) that the pigeons create a huge problem during Mass and other services, especially weddings. I cannot begin to imagine what it must be like to attend a church service, wearing your best Sunday suit or new Easter bonnet, while hoards of pigeons fly overhead and rain poop down.

The first time I visited this church, workers were removing the golden crowns off of a statue of Mary holding the Baby Jesus. Apparently, a family of pigeons had taken up residence inside the crowns. The damage defied description. On this visit, I was happy to see that the crowns had been cleaned and replaced and the statue was again in pristine condition.

The corrosiveness of pigeon excrement is unquestionable as is the public heath issue. In addition to causing serious damage to buildings, they are associated with human illnesses such as Psittacosis-a potentially fatal flu-like disease; Meningitis-though unlikely, it is found in the nests; Salmonella-sometimes fatal; Mites and Fleas; Rats-attracted to the nest to prey on the baby pigeons; Aggravated breathing problems including asthma.

The second goal I had for this visit was a more delightful discovery. The former sacristy, located behind the main altar, had been remodeled and was again open to the public. The door leading to the gallery is to the left of the main altar and up a few steps. Though not terribly impressive, I’m happy to report the total absence of pigeons in this area. I don’t know how they keep the pigeons from entering the gallery from the main sanctuary. There is a person posted at the door to take the $10 peso entrance fee. Perhaps part of the job is to do pigeon guard duty. There are a few windows in the gallery, but all are intact and all are covered with tight netting.

Though the artists of many of the paintings in the gallery are unknown, there are some paintings by Juan Patricio Morlete, Baltazar Echave Oreo, and Miguel Cabrera. The artists won’t have to worry from the grave that their neoclassical, tequitqui, and vice-royal period paintings in the new gallery have become pigeon toilets.

I asked both employees in the church what they thought should be done about the pigeon problem.

“Saque las palomas.” – “Remove the pigeons.”

“¿Pero como?” – “But how?” I asked.

They shrugged their shoulders, in typical Mexican fashion, and asked,

“¿Quién sabe?” – “Who knows?”

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Recorded on March 29, 2008 using a Flip Video camcorder.We stayed at Amish View Inn.Beautiful 4 yr old Inn.In Lancaster,PA this Inn offered everything from a heated pool to a free full buffet breakfast.We also visited the Hands on Museum which is a discovery museum.

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Visit the website that has the most comprehensive resources for moving or even touring to Central Mexico. Also, find out all you need to know about learning Spanish , your ticket to the culture. So, whether a tourist or expatriate, check out this monster website! A WALK THROUGH MEXICO’S CROWN JEWEL: A Guanajuato Travelogue

Sometimes dating in the best way means going on a full circle and enjoying the best of any place. Perhaps if you are trying Idaho dating, you might want to try the cultural treat, by having the best of culture in the Idaho state with your dating partner. It is not a very hard thing to try, it only depends on the kind of dating partner you have. If the date appreciates art in its entirety, you are in luck, but if the date does not, then you might be on a rough ride. The good thing is that in an art museum, you can easily find many things that do not require you to be appreciative of art.

Overall, taking your partner to the place might change your dating fortune, whether he or she appreciates art or not.
The Idaho dating spree can be based at the Boise Art Museum, which provides you with more than 70 years of imaginative journey for all your senses. The place will have your imagination taking an ultimate journey of discovery and knowledge. The Arts museum always has a special place for anybody who visits the place.  For the best in earlier and present art, the place offers a wide range of pieces that will undoubtedly leave you mesmerized. If you are within the Boise Arts Museum with your partner, you can decide to get a taste of what makes this place magnificent, and quite original.

Taking your Idaho partner to enjoy the best of what the state has can be a good way of spending your time together.  It is possible that you have never heard the fact that great art is found in small cities. It is the only place you can find magnificent art from almost unknown artists, who could easily change your dating spree if you like art. For those who lack in the gift of art, they can easily find the cool art rooms and the great art a different excursion from what they are used to. If you are within Boise, you might find the place a good treat from the ordinary, as you sample great talents in art and skillful preserve of the same.

Boise Art Museum will color your Idaho dating chances, since it is a great treasure. If you are in the area, it is worth every amount of your time. If you are in luck for a show, you will find it a big city kind of affair and it is immensely outstanding. For some really cultural treat in your life, the museum will deliver, even to your partner. If you are there to see Mona Lisa, you might as well forget the place, but for some well-known artists and local stuff, and if you are dating with your kids, Boise Art Museum has good hands on project for them.

With permanent and rotating exhibits, the museum is cooler and splendid more than you can except from an art museum in a small city as Boise.  Your Idaho dating partner will not be disappointed.

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Francis K. Githinji Is An Online Dating Expert. His Latest ProjectFree Online Dating Services Shows How The Power Of Online Dating Can Be Harnessed Internationally and With Great Success, Or You Could Post Your Valued Comments On His Blog At Idaho Dating

Argyle Street in Glasgow, Scotland houses the famous Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum. Though built to be a permanent structure, this unique building was also part of an International Exhibition at the adjoining Kelvingrove Park. As such the ‘entrance’ to the building faces the park and it is the “back” of the building which faces the Main Street – through which visitors now enter.

The building itself is of Spanish Baroque styling and is built out of the local red sand stone. It was opened in 1901 and is one of the most frequently visited museums, outside of London, in the UK. The museum was closed for 3 years during which massive restoration and refurbishment took place to bring the gallery and museum back to its Victorian grandeur. It was re-opened on the 11th of July 2006 by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

The basement extension and other additions helps house the 8000 odd exhibits on view. The Museum and Gallery boasts of exquisite works of art by masters such as Rembrandt, Van Gogh, Botticelli, Picasso, and Monet. Christ of St John of the Cross – the renowned painting by Salvador Dali too can be seen at the museum.
Among the other collections at the museum are the Natural History, Egyptian Relics, Prehistoric Animals exhibits, and Discovery Centres. The newly refurbished museum also caters to children with a special hands-on section that is vastly popular. The European armoury section is one of the best of its kind in the world.

A delightful and fun place to visit, the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum charges no admission fee. Visitors looking for a Glasgow hotel and more specifically hotels in Glasgow city centre, would be amply satisfied with the Millennium Hotel Glasgow. Its luxurious amenities and convenient location makes it an ideal accommodation option.

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Complete video at: fora.tv Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak recalls the moment he stumbled upon the idea of how to put color into personal computers. The inspiration came during a sleepless four-day and four-night design session while building the Atari game Breakout. “That was probably one of the biggest things Apple ever did,” he says. —– Steve Wozniak, Apple co-founder and philanthropist in conversation at the Discovery Forum 2010 with Emmy-award winning journalist Dana King from CBS 5 Eyewitness News. Renowned technology pioneer Steve Wozniak speaks to the importance of hands-on learning and encouraging creativity, and how the Bay Area Discovery Museum is a critical resource for preparing children for the challenges of the 21st century. The Discovery Forum serves to increase awareness about the importance of childhood creativity, and raises support for the Museum’s educational exhibitions and programs. – Bay Area Discovery Museum A Silicon Valley icon and philanthropist for the past three decades, Steve Wozniak, Founder, Chairman and CEO of Wheels of Zeus (wOz), helped shape the computing industry with his design of Apple’s first line of products the Apple I and II and influenced the popular Macintosh. For his achievements at Apple Computer, Steve was awarded the National Medal of Technology by the President of the United States in 1985, the highest honor bestowed America’s leading innovators. In 2000 Steve was inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame and was awarded <b>…</b>

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An excavation team under the leadership of Australian and Indonesian scientists have unearthed the remains of eight human beings of rather short stature and small brain volume in the Liang Bua cave on the Indonesian island of Flores. The fossils were ascribed the name Homo floresiensis (Flores Man) after the island on which they were discovered.

One skeleton, estimated to be that of a woman in her 30s and calculated to be some 18,000 years old, was only 1 metre tall. The brain volume of the woman in question was a mere 380 cc. That is significant since it may be regarded as small even for a chimpanzee. Investigations into the findings, estimated to belong to at least eight individuals, show that H. floresiensis lived in this cave between 95,000 and 12,000 years ago. The common opinion of the scientists who examined the tools and animal bones unearthed in the cave is that H. floresiensis individuals exhibited complex behaviour requiring the capacity for speech, in other words that they were social and intelligent human beings with creative ability. Stones carved and sharpened for particular purposes discovered in the cave, and animal bones, show that these people were successful hunters, capable of catching animals larger than themselves.

What you have read so far are the objective facts regarding the findings unearthed. Now let us examine the distortions perpetrated by evolutionists in order to fit these findings to the evolution myth and see how a discovery that actually deals a severe blow to Darwinism has been turned into a propaganda tool by the Darwinist media.

This article responds to the evolutionist claims concerning H. floresiensis made in the framework of the October 28, 2004, report on Ntvmsnbc.com titled “Revolution in Anthropology: The Hobbits.” In this report, Ntvmsnbc.com announced the H. floresiensis discovery under the caption “new human-like species unearthed,” and claimed that these creatures emerged on the island of Flores as the result of “an unforeseen process of evolution.” The reasons why these claims possess no valid scientific validity are set out below, and Ntvmsnbc.com’s blind support for Darwinism is revealed.

The “new human-like species” deception

The reason why scientists have elected to give the fossils in question the name H. floresiensis is this: when researchers who have accepted the idea that human beings came into being through evolution right from the outset lay their hands on fossils belonging to old human races they name them in such a way as to accord with the evolutionary myth they have present in their minds. The method of doing this is based on exaggerated interpretation of the variations (*) among old human races and between them and modern man, and thus the declaration of the fossils as a “new species.”

The H. floresiensis fossils are also a product of this method, and their description as a new species rests solely on evolutionist preconceptions.

The fact is that the description of H. floresiensis as a new human species provides no support at all for the theory of evolution, but on the contrary reveals how forced the claims regarding it actually are.

1. It is impossible to gauge species boundaries by looking at bones

The concept of the biological species is used in the present day for organisms included in the same category that are able to mate and produce healthy offspring. This definition is based on mutual reproducibility as setting out the boundary criterion between species. There is no means of knowing, however, just by looking at the fossilised bones of organisms that lived in the past which were able to reproduce with which.

Classification based on degrees of similarities between bones (in other words the variations exhibited among these) may not reveal scientifically definite conclusions. That is because although some species (such as the dog) exhibit wide variation, others (such as the cheetah) are known to exhibit only narrow variation.

Accordingly, when fossils belonging to extinct living things are discovered the variation observed may stem from one of two reasons. This variation either belongs to a species exhibiting wide variation or to a few separate species exhibiting narrow variation. Yet there is no way of knowing which of the two actually applies. Indeed, Alan Walker, a Pennsylvania State University paleoanthropologist, and also an evolutionist, admits this fact by saying that one cannot know whether or not a fossil is representative of the community to which it belongs. He further states that one cannot know whether it comes from one of the ends of the species range, or from somewhere in the middle. (i)

Richard Potts, another evolutionist and anthropologist, as well as director of the Human Origins Program at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, accepts the same truth in the words: “To my mind it is very difficult to say, just from the bones, where the species boundaries lie.” (ii)

2. It is a mistake to generalise the features of a species from just a limited number of fossils

Evolutionists define the H. floresiensis fossils as a separate species, and regard its small brain volume and short skeleton as characteristics of that species. The fact is, however, that individuals may not carry all the features in the population gene pool (the collection of genes giving rise to a species) in their bodies. To put it another way, the features exhibited by individuals may not be those generally exhibited in the population. That being the case, the smaller the number of fossils analysed, the greater the risk of error in assuming that their features are those of the general population to which they belong. Robert Locke, editor of the magazine Discovering Archaeology, has elucidated this with a simple analogy. He said that if a paleoanthropologist of the future discovers bones belonging to a professional basketball player, then twenty-first century man may well seem to have been a giant species. He further stated that if the skeleton belongs to a jockey, on the other hand, then we will seem to have been short and puny bipeds. (iii)

In short, the definition of H. floresiensis as a separate species based on its small brain volume and short skeleton, and the assumption that all individuals possessed those same features, is a mistake. These fossils may well be regarded as variations seen in old human races living at that time. Indeed, that is the truth which emerges when the analysis performed on H. floresiensis is not restricted to its anatomy.

H. floresiensis: An Ancient Human Race

A human being may be a dwarf, have a small brain volume, a slightly protruding jaw or a narrow forehead. He or she may even walk leaning over with a hunched back due to a disease of the joints. Yet those anatomical features do not make that person a non-human species.

Modern day dwarves are living documentation of this. According to the Guinness Records Internet site, the American Tamara de Treaux is a 77 cm (2 ft 7 in) tall cinema actor. The Filipino Weng Wang is another short actor at 83 cm (2 ft 9 in) tall. The shortest married couple are the Brazilian Douglas da Silva (90 cm / 35 in) and Claudia Rocha (93 cm / 36 in). (iv)

Just like these people, H. floresiensis individuals possessed creative and linguistic capabilities, led social lives and were intelligent. H. floresiensis is of course an important discovery in terms of showing that human beings can actually possess such small brain volumes.

So, how is it that these people possessed such small brain volumes and short skeletons?

In their articles published in the journal Nature, (v, vi) the scientists who discovered H. floresiensis touch on two possibilities with regard to the dimensions of these fossils. The first is abnormalities that emerged as the result of a genetic mutation. One of the leading names from the research team, paleoanthropologist Peter Brown, describes in an interview published on the journal Scientific American website how brain volume is exceedingly small in people exposed to such abnormalities (pituitary dwarves or microcephalic dwarves). Brown states that no traces of such abnormality have been encountered in the H. floresiensis anatomy, but it is also hard to disregard the possibility (vii). The second possibility, on which scientists have concentrated more is that H. floresiensis may have been affected by a process known as island dwarfism.

Island dwarfism describes living things divided by geographic isolation from the land population undergoing gradual physical shrinkage due to a local insufficiency of food resources. This process is well known from mammal fossils unearthed on islands. For example, it is estimated that 1 metre tall elephants discovered on Sicily and Malta turned into dwarves in as little as 5,000 years after being stranded on the islands and divided from 4 metre high elephants. (viii) This explanation is distorted on Ntvmsnbc.com and H. floresiensis is claimed “to have undergone an unforeseen process of evolution on the island.” In fact, however, nothing about island dwarfism supports the theory of evolution. A living thing entering into a process of dimensional shrinkage in no way acquires any new genetic feature, and does not turn into another living thing. It merely decreases in size within the boundaries permitted by its genetic pool. Since no new living thing or feature based on more complex genetic information emerges there can be no question of any “evolution” here. For instance, a mini-radio produced by engineers is still a radio, and no progress that might enable it to function as a television has taken place. In the same way that the mini-radio does not evolve into a television, so H. floresiensis did not evolve into other living forms. Therefore, Ntvmsnbc.com’s claims regarding H. floresiensis consist of groundless Darwinist propaganda.

The tools they used are evidence that H. floresiensis was an ancient human race

According to the dwarfism scenario, it is assumed that the H. floresiensis line descended from Homo erectus. The justification for that belief is as follows: In 1998, M.J. Morwood, one of the researchers who discovered H. floresiensis, reported that they had unearthed stone tools dating back some 800,000 years in previous digs on the island. (ix) Not only do these tools resemble those made by H. erectus, but H. floresiensis’ facial anatomy also generally resembles that of H. erectus. (x) In addition, the East Asia region in which the island lies is one of the regions where H. erectus existed for a long period. One article published in Science journal in 1996 listed evidence that H. erectus had survived on Java, an Indonesian island like Flores, until as recently as 27,000 years ago. (xi)

All this shows that H. floresiensis is a variation of H. erectus and that both may have existed side by side for tens of thousands of years. (Although described as a separate species from modern man by evolutionists, H. erectus is actually an ancient human race. For further details click HERE and HERE.)

National Geographic’s Evolution Deception

Right; H. floresiensis skull.

Left; Darwinist “motifs” added to the skull by National Geographic.

Close inspection reveals that organs such as lips, nose and ears, which cannot be determined from bones, have been portrayed, and in such a way as to impart an ape-like appearance. Just about all the world’s most prominent news agencies used this deceptive reconstruction in reporting the discovery of Homo floresiensis. A fossil that actually totally undermines evolutionary scenarios was thus distorted and depicted to millions as if it were actually evidence for Darwinism.

What H. floresiensis Reveals about the Myth of Evolution

Paleoanthropologist

Peter Brown

For more than a century now, evolutionists have been claiming that there was an increase in brain volume during the imaginary human evolution process. They also relate the myth that during this fictitious process human beings acquired the intellect and powers of creativity and speech they possess in parallel to the growth in brain volume. None of these tales is of any scientific value, however. Henry Gee, editor of the journal Nature and an evolutionist who has written many articles and books on the subject of evolution, admitted as much in his book In Search of Deep Time:

For example, the [alleged] evolution of Man is said to have been driven by improvements in posture, brain size, and the coordination between hand and eye, which led to technological achievements such as fire, the manufacture of tools, and the use of language. But such scenarios are subjective. They can never be tested by experiment, and so they are unscientific. They rely for their currency not on scientific test, but on assertion and the authority of their presentation. (xii)

With the discovery of H. floresiensis, the myth that human intelligence emerged together with increase in brain volume has become even less credible than ever. That is because H. floresiensis, with a brain volume no larger than that of a chimpanzee, exhibits behaviour no different to that of a large-brained human being, thus proving that human intelligence and mental ability are not proportional to brain volume.

That is the exact meaning of Henry Gee’s words in interpreting the discovery of H. floresiensis: “The whole idea that you need a particular brain size to do anything intelligent is completely blown away by this find.” (xiii)

“Little Lady of Flores Forces Rethink of Human Evolution”

The real shock for evolutionists came from learning that an alleged hominid with such a small brain volume lived not millions of years ago but only 18,000 years previously. Chris Stringer from London’s Natural History Museum admits his astonishment thus:

“Here is a creature with a brain the size of a chimpanzee’s, but apparently a tool-maker and hunter, and perhaps descended from the world’s first mariners. Its very existence shows how little we know about human evolution. I could never have imagined a creature like this, living as recently as this.” (xiv)

Peter Brown, one of the leaders of the research team, describes his astonishment when he measured the skull, and admits that H. floresiensis is totally incompatible with evolutionary accounts: “Small stature is easy to accommodate, but small brain size is a bigger problem – it still is.” (xv)

The Nature journal news service that published the discovery of H. floresiensis summarizes the dilemma facing evolutionists in the headline it chose, “Little Lady of Flores Forces Rethink of Human Evolution.”

Problems, astonishment, confused statements, a theory in need of a rethink …

Evolutionists’ own statements reflect the heavy blow the fossil in question has dealt to the illusory scenario of human evolution. Furthermore, the depiction of these fossils as evidence for evolution in the media shows once again that Darwinism is a belief system kept blindly alive in the face of the facts, since evolutionists still refuse to abandon their theory in the face of the fossil findings that have recently totally demolished the myths they recounted so tirelessly for so many years. Evolutionists gloss over every new blow dealt to their scenarios by new discoveries by saying, in effect, “that means we evolved not in this way, but in that,” and still attempt to keep the myth of evolution they support so blindly alive behind a scientific mask.

Conclusion:

The game played by evolutionists by interpreting variations in ancient bones according to their own preconceptions consists of window-dressing scenarios of human evolution in any way they choose. It needs to be realized that telling fairy tales based on the similarity of bones is a pointless activity in the face of the true facts.

Organs possessed by human beings, such as the eye, ear and heart, exhibit a complexity that cannot be explained in terms of random occurrences. Modern science has revealed that chance has no power even to produce a single one of the tens of thousands of proteins in one single cell among all the trillions in the human body, let alone an entire organ.

With the perfect organs and systems they possess, human beings exhibit an evident design. Medical textbooks and encyclopaedias document the scale of the complex information on which that design is based. There can be no doubt that the origin of a human being with such a perfect, information-based design, is “creation.”

It is Almighty God, the Creator of All, Who creates human beings, and He has no partners in His creation. This truth has been revealed in the Qur’an:

“Do you then disbelieve in Him Who created you from dust, then from a drop of sperm, and then formed you as a man? He is, however, God, my Lord, and I will not associate anyone with my Lord.” (Qur’an, 18: 37-38)

(*) The term variation is used in biology to describe differences from a known form, function or structure. The term is also used to describe an organism that exhibits such differences.

Under the pen name of Harun Yahya, Adnan Oktar has written some 250 works. His books contain a total of 46,000 pages and 31,500 illustrations. Of these books, 7,000 pages and 6,000 illustrations deal with the collapse of the Theory of Evolution. You can read, free of charge, all the books Adnan Oktar has written under the pen name Harun Yahya on these websites www.harunyahya.com

i Robert Locke, The first human?, Discovering Archaeology, July – August 1999, p. 36

ii Julianna Kettlewell, “Skull fuels Homo erectus debate”, 2 July 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3857113.stm

iii Robert Locke, ibid

iv Carl Wieland, “Soggy dwarf bones”, http://answersingenesis.org/docs2004/1028dwarf.asp

v Brown P. et al. Nature, 431. 1055 – 1061 (2004).

vi Morwood M. J. et al. Nature, 431. 1087 – 1091(2004)

vii Kate Wong, “Digging Deeper: Q&A with Peter Brown”, 27 October 2004, http://sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa004&articleID=00082F87-7D35-117E-BD3583414B7F0000

viii Lister A., et al. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 69. 277 – 292 (1996); Marta Mirazon Lahr & Robert Foley, “Human evolution writ small”, 27 October 2004, http://www.nature.com/news/2004/041025/full/4311043a.html

ix Morwood M. J. et al. Nature, 392. 173 – 176 (1998)

x Marta Mirazon Lahr & Robert Foley, “Human evolution writ small”, 27 October 2004, http://www.nature.com/news/2004/041025/full/4311043a.html

xi C. C. Swisher III, W. J. Rink, S. C. Antón, H. P. Schwarcz, G. H. Curtis, A. Suprijo, “Latest Homo erectus of Java: Potential Contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in Southeast

Asia” Science, Vol 274, Issue 5294, 1870-1874 , 13 December 1996

xii Henry Gee, In Search Of Deep Time: Beyond The Fossil Record To A New Hýstory Of Life, The Free Press, A Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1999, p. 5

xiii ‘Hobbit’ joins human family tree, 27 October 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3948165.stm

xiv “Our not so distant relative”, The Guardian, 28 October 2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/life/feature/story/0,13026,1337198,00.html

xv ” Our not so distant relative”, The Guardian, 28 October 2004.

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR, HARUN YAHYA
Born in Ankara in 1956, Adnan Oktar writes his books under the pen name of Harun Yahya. Ever since his university years, he has dedicated his life to telling of the existence and oneness of Almighty Allah, and to disseminating the moral values of the Qur’an. He has never wavered in the face of difficulties and despite oppression, still continues this intellectual struggle today exhibiting great patience and determination. For mor information pls visit: http://www.harunyahya.com/theauthor.php

Kolkata (Calcutta) was the first city that developed a series of science centers and museums in India. It brings the world of science closer to millions of people.

Calcutta is the home of the popular Science City located at the Eastern Metropolitan Bypass. It was built during the 21st century, accommodating up to 2,215 people. Science City is one remarkable science museum in India that promotes learning about sciences, the environment, communications, and about modern technology. Science City is a series of centers, museums, halls, theatres and parks. These attractions made the complex the largest center in the sub-continent.

Objectives
Science City aims to expose the growth of Science and Technology along with its applications for the environment and human welfare. People behind this center want to promote public understanding and awareness, especially with regard to the importance of scientific studies and culture. The center also wants to popularize science and technology by providing seminars, exhibitions, lectures, camps and other programs.

Attractions
Science City has a sylvan surrounding of beautiful landscape and gardens. It consists of two facilities namely, the Science and Convention Center. The Science Center also includes an Evolution Theme Park, Space Odyssey, Maritime Center, Dynamotion Hall and a Science Park.

The Evolution Theme Park stands in a 1,300 square meter area that takes visitors back to early age of evolution. It provides knowledge on gigantic animals of the past like dinosaurs and birds. It is divided into seven period settings ending with the advent of man.

The Space Odyssey is a circular dome shaped auditorium that looks like an inverted bowl. It is the main attraction of the complex building, housing the first theater for large format films, a time Machine, planetarium, Van de Graff generator and mirror magic. 3D Vision theaters showcase virtual reality on space sciences, electricity and motion. The spherical multi media projection system provides information on planets in the solar system.

The Maritime Center is a pavilion that describes maritime history, activity and subjects. The center is a two story building that was built on a 700 meters area similar to a ship. It exhibits scaled models, replicas, artifacts and sea going vessels. A quiz corner also supplements the exhibit.

The Dynamotion Hall has an exhibition of giant robotic insects, interactive exhibits, butterfly corner and aquaria. This is a large spiral shaped hall that offers a deep understanding on certain scientific phenomenon. Visitors can create music on the piano floor and virtual harp as well as make large dishes float on air. Exciting exhibits like a working tornado, aqua mobile and energy ball would keep people immersed on the discovery processes.

The hall also showcases robotic insect having 28 static models and 23 large animated models of insects. The exhibition provides information about different insects like the housefly, wasp, mosquito and beetle as well as the termite, cricket, spider and many more.

The Science Park provides free choices of learning outdoor exhibits. It includes a Children’s Play Corner, Gravity Coaster, Road Train and a Maze. This is along with the Caterpillar Ride, Monorail Cycle, Butterfly Nursery and Musical Fountain. This fountain dances to the music with colored water jets.

Convention Center
The Convention Center has a Grand Theater that can occupy 2,232 seats. It also has a seminar building having 11 halls with a 15 to 100 seating capacity. This place also includes one Mini Auditorium for 450 people and a 20,000 square meter open air exhibition ground. It is the perfect place for conventions, company AGMs, meetings and cultural programs.

There are also 8 halls that can accommodate 200 to 250 people. It has modern amenities. Visitors can visit the lounges (Bengal Gallery, Durga Mandap and Mukta Mancha), food plaza, basement and the open field. Hence, upcoming facilities include an Earth Exploration Hall, Powers of Ten (dimension of the Universe) and Illusions (visual perception).

People of all ages can learn various scientific processes and even enhance their understanding through the discovery methods and outdoor settings these scientific institutions can provide. It is an ideal tourist destination for aspiring Scientists and for those who are interested in Science and Technology. It is a great place for children to develop their interest in the field.

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